Four metrics that correlate with high organizational performance (revenue, share price, goal achievement). From the Accelerate State of DevOps research.
| Metric | Definition |
|--------|-----------|
| **Lead time for changes** | Time from commit to production deployment |
| **Deployment frequency** | How often deployments to production occur |
| **Change failure rate** | % of changes that cause impaired service or require rollback/emergency fix |
| **MTTR** (Mean Time to Restore) | Time to restore service after an unplanned outage or impairment |
## Why These Four
They measure both *speed* (lead time, deploy frequency) and *stability* (CFR, MTTR). High performers score well on all four simultaneously — confirming that speed and quality are not trade-offs (see [[Three Myths About IaC and Change]]).
## Application to IaC
The three core IaC practices (define as code, continually test/deliver, build small/simple) are directly aimed at improving these metrics:
- Defining everything as code → enables consistent, automated deployments → improves lead time and deploy frequency
- Continual testing → catches failures earlier → reduces change failure rate
- Small, simple, independently deployable pieces → limits blast radius → improves MTTR
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*Source: [[Infrastructure as Code, 3rd Edition — Kief Morris]] (Kief Morris, O'Reilly 2025) — Ch 1 — What Is Infrastructure as Code?*