The core architectural technique enabling sustained agent sessions: automatically summarizing conversation history to prevent context window degradation as interactions grow.
## Core Concept
OpenAI's Codex agent loop reveals the fundamental architecture underlying all coding agents:
1. **Send** user input + tool outputs to model
2. **Model responds** with actions or final message
3. **Tools execute** and return results
4. **Repeat** until assistant message ends the turn
The critical innovation: as conversation history grows, the system **summarizes prior context** rather than sending the full transcript. Without this, agents degrade as conversations lengthen. Context windows fill with outdated details while losing access to recent, relevant information.
## Why This Matters
- **Context window is finite**: Every agent has a maximum context; unsummarized histories hit limits quickly
- **Relevance decay**: Early conversation turns become less relevant as work progresses
- **Signal-to-noise**: Full transcripts dilute important context with routine tool outputs
- **Cost**: Longer contexts = higher token costs per interaction
## Implementation Patterns
- **Rolling summary**: Periodically compress older turns into concise summaries
- **Hierarchical context**: Recent turns in full detail, older turns as summaries, earliest turns as bullet points
- **Tool output compression**: Replace verbose tool outputs with key findings
- **Persistent artifacts**: Move important context to files (CLAUDE.md, task lists) rather than keeping in conversation
## Cross-Domain Applications
- **Knowledge Management**: Progressive Summarization (Tiago Forte) applies the same principle to notes
- **Meeting Management**: Meeting minutes summarize discussion for future reference rather than full transcripts
- **Software Documentation**: Architecture Decision Records capture decisions, not full deliberation
## Related Concepts
- [[Design Bottleneck Inversion]] — Context management enables longer design sessions
- [[Agent Loop Maturity Spectrum]] — Summarization is a maturity indicator
- [[Pair Programming to Parallel Delegation Shift]] — Async agents especially need summarization for session handoffs
## Source
[[Unrolling the Codex Agent Loop]] (OpenAI, January 2026) — https://openai.com/index/unrolling-the-codex-agent-loop/